The Journal of Oral Diagnosis is the official publication of the Brazilian Society of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology (SOBEP). Established in 2016, it operates under the registered ISSN 2525-5711. As an open-access, online journal, it is committed to the dissemination of scholarly work without charging publication fees to authors, fully aligning with the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) definition of open access. The journal follows a continuous publication model, with articles undergoing peer review and becoming promptly available to the scientific community upon acceptance. The Journal of Oral Diagnosis is indexed in major databases, including Google Scholar, DIADORIM, ROAD, LILACS, BVS, and Latindex, enhancing its visibility and accessibility to researchers worldwide. Only original articles are acceptable for publication in the Journal of Oral Diagnosis, comprising research articles, case reports, and review articles relevant to oral medicine, oral pathology, and related fields.
Brazilian Society of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology (SOBEP)
Aggressive central giant cell granuloma in a child treated with a conservative surgical: a case report with 10-year follow-up
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign but sometimes aggressive intraosseous lesion that primarily affects the jaws. This report describes the clinical management and long-term follow-up of a 7-year-old male patient presenting with a refractory CGCG of the anterior mandible. Despite initial non-surgical treatment with intralesional corticosteroids, the lesion persisted and demonstrated expansion with cortical perforation and involvement of adjacent teeth. Conservative surgical excision was performed, requiring extraction of four teeth. Postoperative mandibular fracture occurred but healed with conservative management. The patient underwent orthodontic treatment and prosthetic rehabilitation, followed by alveolar ridge reconstruction with autogenous bone graft nine years later to allow dental implant placement. After 10 years of follow-up, no recurrence or new lesions were observed. This case highlights the challenges in managing aggressive CGCG in pediatric patients and supports conservative surgery combined with multidisciplinary rehabilitation as a viable approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dandara Menezes de Araujo Oliveira, Laura Luiza Trindade de Souza, Rodrigo Nascimento Lopes, Eduardo de Paula e Silva , Thais Bianca Brandão, Maria Stella Nunes Araujo Moreira, Clovis Antonio Lopes Pinto, André Caroli Rocha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Giant sialolith in the left submandibular gland: a case report
Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of salivary gland obstruction, predominantly affecting the submandibular gland. Giant sialoliths are rare and may pose diagnostic challenges, particularly when symptoms are atypical. This case report describes a 40-year-old female who presented with a two-month history of a foreign body sensation in the floor of the mouth, associated with intermittent purulent discharge. Clinical examination and cone-beam computed tomography revealed a large radiopaque mass measuring 23 × 10 × 6 mm in the left submandibular gland region. The lesion was successfully managed through intraoral surgical removal, followed by uneventful healing. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of sialolithiasis, demonstrating ductal alterations and chronic inflammatory changes consistent with long-standing obstruction. Despite the relatively short duration of symptoms, the size of the calculus suggests prolonged asymptomatic growth. This report highlights the importance of recognizing atypical subjective complaints as potential indicators of salivary duct obstruction and supports conservative, gland-preserving surgical management for giant submandibular sialoliths to achieve favorable functional outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulo Sergio Pina , Antônio Roberto Garcia Júnior, Catarina Melquiades Velane, Isabelle Elise Squillace Mendes , Celso Augusto Lemos, Camilla Vieira Esteves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral mucosal melanoma: clinicopathological analysis and narrative review of a case with heterogeneous clinical presentation
Oral mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm, frequently associated with delayed diagnosis and unfavorable prognosis. This study aims to report a case of oral mucosal melanoma located at a non-palatal site, presenting as an extensive pigmented lesion affecting the lower gingiva and extending to the floor of the mouth, a topography less frequently described for this neoplasm, as well as to present a narrative review of the literature. An adult patient presented with a pigmented lesion in the lower gingival region extending to the floor of the mouth. The diagnosis was established through histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, confirming oral mucosal melanoma. The literature review addressed clinical, diagnostic, and prognostic aspects of oral mucosal melanoma, highlighting the influence of anatomical location and the biological particularities of this neoplasm in comparison with cutaneous melanoma. It is concluded that the recognition of atypical melanocytic lesions in less common sites of the oral cavity is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of oral mucosal melanoma.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fabiana da Silva de Oliveira, Paulo Sergio Pina, Jheinis Stefany Pascuineli Duarte, Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado, Norberto Nobuo Sugaya, Celso Augusto Lemos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Surgical dilemma in a mandibular central giant cell granuloma – a case report
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign osteolytic lesion that may display non-aggressive or aggressive behavior. This report describes a 27-year-old male with a mandibular CGCG initially classified as non-aggressive due to its radiographic features and absence of cortical perforation or root resorption. Initial treatment with intralesional corticosteroid injections and enucleation failed to control the lesion, which progressed rapidly, reaching 7 cm and causing buccal cortical perforation. A new biopsy confirmed aggressive features, prompting surgical management via segmental osteotomy with curettage and cryotherapy, preserving the lingual cortex. Immediate reconstruction was performed using an autogenous iliac bone graft and titanium plate fixation. Postoperative healing was uneventful, with good functional and aesthetic outcomes. After 9 years and 7 months of follow-up, no recurrence was observed. This case highlights the potential for behavioral shift in CGCG and emphasizes the need for individualized treatment and timely surgical intervention when conservative therapy fails.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isadora Vilas Boas Cepeda, Bernardo da Fonseca Orcina, Fernando Aguiar Correa, Marcos Antonio Torriani, Otacílio Luiz Chagas Júnior, Ana Paula Neutzling Gomes, Adriana Etges https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conservative surgical approach for mandibular odontogenic keratocyst associated with guided tissue regeneration: a case report
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cystic lesion with locally aggressive behavior and high recurrence rates, making treatment decisions complex. Conservative approaches have been proposed to preserve oral structures; however, few cases have reported their association with bone reconstruction. This report describes a pediatric case of extensive mandibular OKC managed conservatively with associated bone regeneration. An 11-year-old female patient presented with a radiographic finding of an extensive asymptomatic intraosseous lesion in the right mandible. Incisional biopsy and decompression device placement were performed, with initial diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. After six months, the device was replaced by a smaller one to promote bone neoformation. Nine months later, a second surgery was performed with device removal, extraction of teeth 47 and 48, and lesion enucleation. Histopathology confirmed OKC. At 28 months postoperatively, recurrence adjacent to the right first molar was detected, and a new conservative procedure was carried out, incorporating bone grafting with sticky bone. The patient was followed up for six months, showing absence of recurrence and graft healing. Despite initial misdiagnosis and multiple surgeries, conservative management preserved the stomatognathic system and avoided ablative procedures. Postoperative follow-up enabled early detection of recurrence and timely intervention associated with bone reconstruction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Vieira de Albuquerque, Yuri de Lima Medeiros, Lívia Marques dos Santos, Kelly dos Anjos Melo Pereira, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade, Daniel Amaral Alves Marlière https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Use of cad/cam technology in the treatment of ameloblastoma: a case report
Ameloblastoma is the most common benign epithelial odontogenic tumor, although it is aggressive and locally invasive, and its treatment frequently results in mandibular defects requiring complex reconstruction. This case report describes a secondary mandibular reconstruction using an iliac crest graft (ICG) assisted by Computed-Aided Design and Computed-Aided Manufacturing (CAD–CAM) technology. A 28-year-old female who was diagnosed with Ameloblastoma in the mandibular region underwent segmental mandibular resection followed by delayed reconstruction planned through virtual surgical planning, mandibular mirroring, and fabrication of patient-specific cutting guides and stereolithographic models. The CAD–CAM workflow enabled accurate graft harvesting and adaptation, and reduced operative time, enhancing surgical predictability and minimizing morbidity. The patient subsequently achieved satisfactory functional and aesthetic rehabilitation and remains under long-term follow-up without recurrence. This report highlights the applicability of CAD–CAM as a reliable and precise strategy for mandibular reconstruction after tumor resection.
Copyright (c) 2026 Willian Gabriell de Matos Araújo Moraes, Arianne Kimberly Barbosa da Matta , Marco Túllio Becheleni Ávila Guimarães, Wagner Henriques de Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Conservative approach in the odontogenic myxoma treatment: an alternative with less morbidity
A 21 year-old female patient treated in the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Dr. Sotero del Rio Hospital, with a mandibular Odontogenic Myxoma diagnosis. Related to this clinical case and its aspects, is why we propose a more conservative alternative of treatment than mandibular segmental resection with safety margins. Through post surgical clinical and imaging surveillance, we can establish that using a conservative treatment for Odontogenic Myxoma with less local aggressiveness features, we can obtain favorable results in the long term and far less morbidity for the patient.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cristian Lopez, Diego Ramírez Villalobos, Frobel Delgado Bedoya, Verónica Palacios Inostroza, Carola Caamaño Martínez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma: case report of an uncommon presentation
Lesions exhibiting characteristics of different pathologies within the same lesion, known as hybrid lesions, have been reported in the literature. The aim of this article is to report a case of a rare hybrid lesion of Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) associated with Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and to discuss its clinical, imaging, and histopathological characteristics. We report the case of 49-year-old man with a lesion that presented clinical, histological and radiological characteristics of PGCG and POF. In conclusion, hybrid lesions involving PGCG and POF are rare and, although they share etiological factors, they may represent variations in the biological response of the affected tissues.
Copyright (c) 2026 Isabella Monteiro de Moraes, Yngrid Monteiro da Silva, Flávia Sirotheau Corrêa Pontes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Late diagnosis and oral rehabilitation in a patient with Cowden syndrome: case report
Cowden syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder associated with germline mutations in the PTEN gene and characterized by multiple hamartomas and an increased risk of malignancy. A 64-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of papillomatous lesions in the oral cavity. Clinical examination revealed verrucous lesions, macrocephaly, acral keratoses, and facial trichilemmomas. Complementary examinations showed benign breast nodules and gastrointestinal polyposis without malignant transformation. Based on clinical, histopathological, and imaging findings, a diagnosis of Cowden syndrome was established according to the criteria of the International Cowden Syndrome Consortium. The patient underwent surgical excision of the oral papillomatous lesions followed by prosthetic rehabilitation with complete removable dentures, which restored function and aesthetics. This report emphasizes the essential role of dentists in the recognition of Cowden syndrome and in the multidisciplinary management required for affected patients.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gabriel Miranda de Oliveira Abdalla , Letícia Maria Cotta , Caroline Miranda Pernambuco , Alexandra Goulart Silvério , Carine Ervolino de Oliveira , Marcela Filié Haddad, Leonardo Amaral dos Reis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Late resolution of brown tumor two years after parathyroidectomy: Case report with eight years follow-up
Brown tumors are a type of non-neoplastic lesion characterized by the presence of osteolytic bone lesions in patients with hyperparathyroidism. These lesions are more commonly seen in females, older patients, and can also occur in other bones such as the femur, clavicle, ribs, and pelvis. This case report aims to highlight a rare case of a male patient who was diagnosed with a brown tumor two years after undergoing parathyroidectomy for parathyroid carcinoma. PTH, calcium, and phosphate levels were within normal ranges. Histopathological analysis revealed features indistinguishable from a giant cell–rich lesion; however, normal PTH, calcium, and phosphate levels excluded active hyperparathyroidism, supporting the diagnosis of a residual brown tumor. The lesion was considered an old brown tumor caused by hyperparathyroidism secondary to parathyroid carcinoma. Clinical and radiological follow-ups were conducted over an 8-year period, demonstrating bone neoformation with no signs of recurrence. Prosthetic rehabilitation was completed. Comprehensive evaluation of brown tumors is essential to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Parathyroid carcinoma can also be a cause of hyperparathyroidism and can be related to a poor outcome if not treated adequately. These bone lesions should be a sign for a judicious systemic evaluation to be performed to exclude malignancies and also discover if there is an underlying cause. Late detection of a jaw brown tumor after parathyroidectomy with normal biochemical parameters is exceedingly rare, particularly in male patients.
Luiz Guilherme Cernaglia Aureliano de Lima
Copyright (c) 2026 Mauricio Neves Gomes, Ariadne Padilha Andrade, Wagner Gomes-Silva, Priscila Abranches de Britto Pinheiro, Rodrigo Nascimento Lopes, Bruno Felipe Gaia, Marco Aurélio Petroni Montezuma, Luiz Guilherme Cernaglia Aureliano de Lima, Thais Bianca Brandão https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mandibular sarcomatoid carcinoma: a rare neoplasia with high aggressivity and diagnostic complexity
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the mandible is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. The clinical and radiographic similarity to chronic inflammatory or infectious processes, such as peri-implantitis and osteomyelitis, can delay diagnosis. We report on the case of a 64-year-old patient with a painful mandibular lesion initially treated as peri-implantitis. Imaging studies revealed extensive bone destruction and soft tissue infiltration. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma, with positivity for cytokeratins, p63, vimentin, and high Ki-67 index. Despite surgical resection with reconstruction, the patient experienced early recurrence and distant metastases, evolving to death. This case highlights the importance of accurate differential diagnosis, the contribution of imaging studies and immunohistochemical profile, and the poor prognosis associated with this neoplasm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayrton Galvão de Araujo Junior, Giuliano da Paz Oliveira, Antonione Santos Bezerra Pinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Management of an extensive calcifying odontogenic cyst in the maxilla of a young patient: a case report
The calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a rare developmental lesion with variable clinical behavior, representing less than 1% of all odontogenic cysts. Its management can be challenging but typically involves enucleation and curettage. This case report aims to describe the clinical, radiographic, histopathological findings, and therapeutic approach used in the treatment of a maxillary COC in a young patient. A 19-year-old female patient presented with a complaint of progressive, asymptomatic swelling on the right side of her face, with a 12-month history. Extraoral examination revealed obliteration of the nasolabial fold and facial asymmetry in the right malar region. Intraoral examination showed a noticeable swelling in the right maxillary vestibule. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed a unilocular, hypodense lesion surrounding the crown of the impacted maxillary canine (tooth 13) and extending to the periapical region of adjacent teeth. An incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst. Initial marsupialization was performed for one year, followed by complete enucleation of the lesion with curettage and peripheral osteotomy, along with extraction of tooth 13. In conclusion, COC may clinically and radiographically mimic other more common maxillary lesions. Conservative treatment modalities should be considered to preserve anatomical structures and facilitate future rehabilitation, thereby contributing to the patient’s quality of life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raiane Monique Oliveira Mendes, Valder Ferreira da Silva Filho, Letícia Rocha Dias da Motta, César Henrique Alves, Luiz Otávio Fernandes, Mariana Saturnino de Noronha, Paulo Henrique Alves Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Extranodal T/NK cells lymphoma presenting as persistent facial swelling: case report
Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a histopathological subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This malignancy is characterized by extensive necrosis, often resulting in severe tissue destruction and midfacial deformities. The present study aims to report a case of ENKTL in which the primary clinical manifestation was persistent, painless facial edema, notably without necrotic features. The patient underwent combined therapy with DeVIC chemotherapy and radiotherapy, demonstrating a favorable tumor response with no evidence of recurrence after a nine-month follow-up period. Accurate and timely diagnosis of ENKTL is critical for optimizing patient outcomes, mitigating tissue destruction, and reducing both morbidity and mortality. Therefore, ENKTL should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of unexplained diffuse facial swelling. Additionally, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine previously reported cases of ENKTL presenting with facial swelling.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laryssa Queiroz Cunha, Alexandre Bellotti , Hélen Kaline Farias Bezerra, Lucas Lacerda de Souza, Ivan José Correia-Neto, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes, Henrique Moura de Paula, Yana De Sousa Rabelo, Eduardo Zancopé https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chondrolipoma in the head and neck region: literature review and case report
Chondrolipoma is a rare benign soft tissue neoplasm, being more common in adulthood, approximately 20% occur in the head and neck region and only 1 to 5% in the oral cavity. We present the case of a 62-year-old female patient who presented with an increase in volume in the floor of the mouth, with a five-year evolution. On clinical examination, the patient presented a painless sessile lesion with well-defined borders, located on the right side of the floor of the mouth, measuring approximately 3 cm in diameter. An excisional biopsy was performed, which revealed variable amounts of cartilaginous tissue surrounded by adipocytes arranged in lobules, confirming the diagnosis of chondrolipoma. A literature review was carried out, indicating that the most common location of chondrolipomas in the head and neck region was the tongue (46.4%), followed by the lower lip (14.3%), oropharynx (14.3%), floor of the mouth (10.7%), nasopharynx (7.1%), masseter muscle (3.6%) and sternocleidomastoid muscle (3.6%). Chondrolipomas have an undefined etiology and histogenesis, are more frequently observed in adult patients, and predominantly affect the head and neck region. The most affected areas are the tongue and lower lip, which together account for 60.7% of cases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Helder Antonio Rebelo Pontes, Lorena Maria de Souza da Silva, Igor Lameira, Suelen Castro Lavareda Correa, Sue Ann Lavareda Correa Uchoa, Tatiane Ferreira Foscaldo, Flávia Sirotheau Correa Pontes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preoperative Oral Health Assessment and Treatment Needs in Candidates for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery: a Brazilian Cross-Sectional Study
Objective: To assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) preparing for cardiothoracic and/or vascular surgery in a Brazilian population. Methods: This cross-sectional study included adults with CVD. Demographic and cardiological data were obtained from medical records, while dental examinations assessed Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores, periodontal alterations, and sources of oral infection. Radiographic evaluations identified bone defects and intraosseous lesions. Results: Forty-eight participants (54.2% male, mean age 62.4 years) were included. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic stenosis were the most prevalent CVD. Myocardial revascularization and valve replacement surgeries accounted for 97.9% of the procedures. Participants had a high mean DMFT score (18.8±6.8). Oral findings included dental calculus (35.4%), gingival recession (31.1%), and horizontal bone defects (83.3%). CAD was not significantly associated with gingival inflammation and/or salivary calculus (p=0.063), although a trend toward significance was observed. A significant association was found between valvular surgery and myocardial revascularization (p=0.019). Conclusion: Patients awaiting cardiovascular surgery exhibited significant dental treatment needs, underscoring the importance of preventive, restorative, and periodontal care to minimize adverse cardiac outcomes. Our findings align with international guidelines and contribute to promoting safer and more effective perioperative care for individuals with complex cardiac conditions. Clinical significance statement: Comprehensive dental evaluations in candidates for cardiovascular surgery are crucial to address prevalent oral health issues, such as periodontal disease and dental infections. Early interventions can reduce systemic inflammation, minimize the risk of postoperative complications, and optimize surgical outcomes, especially in patients with coronary artery disease and multiple comorbidities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jessica Ferreira Vogel , Diego Belmiro, José Alcides Almeida de Arruda , Sílvia Paula de Oliveira , Luciana Munhoz , Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade , Jefferson R. Tenório https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chronic periapical lesions: clinical and morphological characterization of 508 cases
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and morphological findings of chronic periapical lesions (CPL) composed of periapical granuloma (PG), radicular cyst (RC), and residual radicular cyst (RRC). Methods: Sample was collected from an Oral Pathology Service over 10-year period. Histomorphological analysis was performed qualitatively. For estatistical analysis were used Fischer’s exact and Q2 tests, considering value p<0.05. Results: Among the 4.808 cases retrieved from the service, 508 (10.6%) cases were CPL. PG was the most frequent lesion (n=264; 51.96%). RC and PG were more prevalent among young adults, while RRC affected older patients (p<0.0001). Morphologically, lower grade of intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate (Grade I) was founded in RRC, compared to PG and RC (Grade II/III) (p<0.0001). Atrophic epithelium was more present in RRC, whereas hyperplastic epithelium was more observed in RC (p=0.012). Russell bodies and foamy macrophages were more frequent in PG (p<0.05). Rushton bodies and negative images of cholesterol crystals were more observed in RC (p<0.05). Conclusions: CPL are a common condition frequently associated with persistent endodontic infection and represent a significant clinical challenge in dental practice. Therefore, clinical and morphological comprehensive characterization of CPL is important for their correct diagnosis and treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Talytha Barbosa da Rocha, Raelly Katharinne Lima de Meneses, Nathália Yvia Assis Henriques, Jonh Lennon Silva Cunha, Manuel Antonio Gordón-Núñez, Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka, Pollianna Muniz Alves https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Allergic contact stomatitis associated with toothpaste use in Brazil: a multicenter retrospective case series
Objective: This study describes the clinical features and outcomes of Brazilian patients diagnosed with suspected allergic contact stomatitis (ACS) after using a newly introduced commercial toothpaste formulation. Methods: This multicenter retrospective case series included six patients evaluated between January and May 2025 by Oral Medicine services at four universities. Inclusion criteria comprised clinical signs and/or symptoms compatible with ACS, recent use of a new Colgate-Palmolive toothpaste formulation containing stannous fluoride, and no reported exposure to other allergens. Clinical data retrieved from patient records underwent descriptive analysis. Results: All patients presented acute oral symptoms including burning, pain, dysphagia, and dyslalia. Clinical signs included erythematous macules, white plaques, desquamation, vesicles, erosions and ulcers affecting different oral sites. Lesions resolved within 4 to 29 days after toothpaste discontinuation, with or without pharmacologic intervention. No cases required biopsy or patch testing. In all cases, the temporal relationship and remission following toothpaste withdrawal supported the diagnosis of ACS. Conclusions: This study highlights a potential association between toothpaste formulations and ACS. Given the complexity of toothpaste formulations and the absence of allergological testing, the causative substance remains uncertain. Clinicians should consider ACS in patients presenting with unexplained oral lesions and recent changes in oral hygiene products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Breno Amaral Rocha , Guilherme Veloso Ramos , Lilian de Barros, Giovanna Ribeiro Souto , Soraya de Mattos Camargo Grossmann, Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza, Rodrigo Villamarim Soares , Alan Roger Santos-Silva , Marcio Ajudarte Lopes , Thaís Cristina Esteves-Pereira , Maria Cássia Ferreira de Aguiar , Hyago Portela Figueiredo, Rafael Aguiar de Sousa , João Adolfo Costa Hanemann , Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sex disparities among PhD graduates in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine in Brazil
Objective: To evaluate the professional practice and scientific output of PhD graduates in Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine in Brazil, with an emphasis on sex disparities. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 564 graduates who completed their PhDs up to 2021. Variables included sex, year of defense, number of articles published within three years, female participation as first and last author, state, institution, postgraduate program, area of concentration, program rating by CAPES, and type and place of professional activity (public and/or private). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson’s χ2 test, and paired Wilcoxon test. Results: The sample showed a predominance of females (64.5%). No significant differences were observed between sexes regarding time to PhD completion (p=0.176) or professional field (p=0.239), with most graduates working in the private sector (61.5%). Training was mainly concentrated in the Southeast region (73.2%). Despite the greater female representation, men had higher mean numbers of scientific publications as first and last authors (p<0.001), indicating disparities in academic output according to sex. Conclusion: Disparities according to sex remain among PhD graduates in these fields. Although women represent the majority and predominate in professional practice, particularly in the private sector, men more frequently occupy prominent authorship positions in scientific publications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stéphanny Maria Meira, Maria Theresa Tavares de Souza, Fabrício Emanuel Soares de Oliveira, Daniella Reis Barbosa Martelli , Árlen Almeida Duarte de Sousa , Hercílio Martelli-Júnior https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge of Bisphosphonate and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) among dentists in Southeastern Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge among dentists in Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding bisphosphonates and their association with MRONJ, with emphasis on risk perception, preventive measures, and diagnostic awareness. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Uberlândia (protocol no. 6.135.292). A total of 95 dentists registered with the Regional Council of Dentistry participated by completing a structured online questionnaire. Results: While 69.5% of respondents reported knowing what bisphosphonates are, 83.2% recognized the risks of MRONJ in oral surgical procedures, and 87.4% were aware of the high likelihood of osteonecrosis in patients using these drugs. However, only 47.4% reported knowledge of preventive strategies, and 50.5% were familiar with clinical signs and symptoms used for diagnosis. Conclusions: Although dentists demonstrated general awareness of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding its prevention and diagnostic criteria. These findings underscore the need for enhanced continuing education and training in evidence-based protocols to improve clinical outcomes and reduce complications associated with antiresorptive therapy in dental practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cynthia Moreira Miranda, Carla Reis Machado, Carla Silva Siqueira, Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso, Mirna Scalon Cordeiro, Marcelo Caetano Parreira da Silva, Marcelo Caetano Parreira da Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systemic corticosteroid and antiviral co-therapy in acute herpetic gingivostomatitis: an exploratory study
Objective: This study compared the treatment of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (AHGS) using antiviral therapy alone versus combined antiviral and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Methods: This retrospective case series included 20 consecutively selected records from a postgraduate oral medicine clinic. Patients received either acyclovir alone (200 mg, 5 days) or acyclovir plus prednisone (20 mg, 5 days). Clinical features, symptom progression, and healing time were extracted from descriptive clinical notes by a single examiner. Comparative statistics used the Mann–Whitney test, with 95% confidence intervals, and an exploratory logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of prolonged healing (≥7 days). Results: Patients receiving combined therapy showed an observed difference toward faster symptom relief and healing. Logistic regression indicated a trend toward lower odds of prolonged healing in the combination group (OR 0.01; 95%CI 0.00–1.66) and a borderline effect of age on healing duration. No adverse effects were recorded. Conclusion: Combined antiviral and corticosteroid therapy may be associated with an observed difference toward faster symptom resolution and healing compared with antiviral therapy alone. These findings are exploratory, and prospective studies are needed to confirm clinical benefit.
Copyright (c) 2026 Héric de Souza Camargo, Andréia Bufalino, Elaine Maria Sgavioli Massucato, Déborah Dayely Silveira de Oliveira, Cláudia Maria Navarro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Oral manifestations in patients with dengue. a forgotten and neglected disease. cross-sectional study. Salta, Argentina 2024
Objective: This study sought to identify the oral symptoms in dengue patients treated at Señor del Milagro Hospital in Salta, Argentina, from April 1 to April 30, 2024. Methods: A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study included a non-probabilistic sample of 57 patients aged over 15, diagnosed with dengue according to the OPS 2023 guidelines. Data on variables like age, sex, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet and white blood cell counts, along with the occurrence of bleeding, petechiae, and dysgeusia were documented. Results: Among the 57 patients, 61.4% were female and 38.6% were male, with a mean age of 35 years (range: 15-68 years). Seventy percent of the patients had dysgeusia, whereas fifty percent demonstrated gingival hemorrhage. Only 3.5% exhibited no oral symptoms. A minor leukocytosis was noted in patients with dysgeusia (2900/mm3 leukocytes) compared to subjects without dysgeusia (3240/mm3 leukocytes), although without significant differences (p=0.19), whereas gingival bleeding and the presence of petechiae were substantially correlated with platelet count (p=0.047). Conclusions: This study underscores the occurrence of oral manifestations in dengue patients, highlighting the necessity of their assessment in dental practice within endemic regions and advocating for additional research on these manifestations in subsequent studies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ignacio Molina-Avila, Astrid Müller, Karina, Juan Pimentel Solá, Eduardo David Piemonte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cardiological, dental profile and quality of life related to oral health of patients with history of rheumatic fever
Objective: This study aimed to characterize the cardiological and dental profiles of patients with rheumatic fever (RF) and assess the impact on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2023. Clinical analysis included the DMFT index and OHI-S, along with medical record review, economic stratification (Brazilian Association of Research Companies questionnaire), panoramic radiographs, and OHRQoL assessment (OHIP-14). Participants were patients followed at the Rheumatic Fever League, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School. Results: The study included 83 predominantly female patients (90.4%), with a mean age of 47 years. Most were Afro-Brazilian (61.4%) and from lower-middle economic classes with limited education. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was present in 97.5%, mainly affecting the mitral valve. Infective endocarditis was observed in 6%. The mean DMFT was 19.6, with an average of nine missing teeth. The OHI-S was satisfactory in 50%. Among 52 radiographed patients, 55.7% had dental caries, 78.8% had periapical lesions, and 76.8% were at moderate to high risk of periodontal disease. Despite poor oral health indicators, OHRQoL scores showed minimal impact. Conclusion: Despite significant oral health issues, these did not substantially impact the OHRQoL of the studied population.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariana Oliveira Besseler, Guilherme Sobreira Spina, Rinaldo Focaccia Siciliano, Itamara Lucia Itagiba Neves, Ricardo Simões Neves, Flavio Tarasoutchi, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Alan Roger Santos-Silva, Tânia Cristina Pedroso Montano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sonic Hedgehog and Other Molecular Pathways in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumours: A Review Based on World Health Organization 2022 Classification
Molecular signalling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin, play critical role in embryonic development and odontogenesis, and its dysregulation contributes to the development of certain odontogenic cysts and tumours. A review of current evidence, aligned with the World Health Organization 2022 classification, shows that aberrant Sonic Hedgehog activity is particularly prominent in odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas, where it promotes epithelial proliferation, survival, and lesion expansion. In contrast, other developmental cysts such as dentigerous, glandular, and orthokeratinized cysts demonstrate minimal Sonic Hedgehog involvement, with their pathogenesis more strongly linked to mechanical, inflammatory, or differentiation-related factors. Benign odontogenic tumours exhibit distinct molecular profiles, with Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase signalling common in mixed epithelial–mesenchymal lesions, Wnt/β-catenin alterations in adenoid ameloblastoma and odontomas, and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin activation in mesenchymal tumours. Overall, Sonic Hedgehog plays a lesion-specific role, within a broader network of molecular pathways and most significant in odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas, and integrating these molecular insights with the World Health Organization 2022 framework improves understanding of pathogenesis, diagnostic accuracy, and identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Syahirah Binti Mohd Nazar , Vinesh Raj.S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinical evidence on topical tacrolimus in exfoliative cheilitis: a systematic review
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the available clinical evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus in the treatment of exfoliative cheilitis (EC). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251043565). Searches were performed through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and grey literature. Manual searches for reference lists were conducted. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data and assessed bias. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort, case-control studies, and case series. Risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2.0 and JBI checklists. Two studies met inclusion criteria: one RCT and one cross-sectional study, totaling 61 participants. Both evaluated topical tacrolimus for EC, with concentrations of 0.03 and 0.1%. Most patients achieved complete clinical resolution compared to control groups (triamcinolone acetonide and petroleum jelly) during 3–6 months follow-up, demonstrating significantly lower recurrence rates (30.8-38.5% vs. 61.5-100% in controls; p<0.05 for both comparisons). The pooled data demonstrated negligible treatment-related adverse effects. While demonstrating safety and efficacy, tacrolimus therapy is associated with recurrence rates surpassing 30% during 3–6-month follow-up. EC is highly prevalent but remains a clinical challenge due to its unclear etiopathogenesis, which hinders the development of evidence-based treatments. Considering its substantial symptomatic and aesthetic impact, our findings highlight the urgent need for high-quality research in this area.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariane Cordeiro dos Santos, Matheus Kawana Couto, Gabriela Cristina Santin, Elen de Souza Tolentino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cannabis in oral medicine: what should we know? — a narrative review
Cannabis sativa, commonly known as cannabis or marijuana, is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances worldwide, according to the 2022 World Drug Report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. The growing global movement toward legalization is driven primarily by the plant’s potential medical and industrial benefits, rather than its recreational use. However, there is still a significant lack of understanding about its chemical composition, mechanisms of action, and physiological effects on the human body. This knowledge gap presents an ongoing challenge for healthcare providers. This narrative review compiles current scientific evidence from databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on the biological and physiological aspects of cannabis use and its implications in the context of oral medicine. Given the rapid expansion of cannabis-related research and its implications across multiple areas of healthcare, this review provides valuable clinical and scientific insights for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers working in both oral and systemic health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yesica Lorena Castillo-García, Diana Sofia Pedraza-Alonso, Juan Pablo Rodríguez-Mora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Clinicodemographic features, management, and recurrence rates of aneurysmal bone cysts of the jaws: a systematic
Objective: To carry out a systematic review of available data of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the jaws. Methods: The methodology followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. A systematic search until in four databases and grey literature was conducted. As eligibility criteria, case reports and case series describing the clinicopathological and management of ABC were included. The quality assessment of the studies was performedby the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) tool. Results: A total of 190 studies reporting 257 cases were evaluated. ABCs affected females slightly more (53.9%), with a mean age of 19.7 years. In 64.4% of cases, no history of trauma was reported. Most lesions were symptomatic (53.2%) and located in the posterior mandible (77.8%). Clinically, they appeared as firm swellings or nodules (95.8%). Multilocular (67.9%) radiolucency (87.4%) was the predominant radiographic feature. Marginal or segmental resection was the most common treatment (34.2%), and 86.4% of patients had no recurrence. While case reports adhered well to JBI guidelines, case series often lacked demographic detail and participant selection criteria Conclusion: ABCs of the jaws predominantly affect young individuals without a marked gender predilection and are most frequently located in the posterior mandible.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luisa Comerlato Jardim, Gabriela Sauer Llantada, Bruna Barcelos Só, Joana Letícia Schorr, Renata de Almeida Zieger, Alini Cardoso Soares, Felipe Martins Silveira, Willie van Heerden, Lauren Frenzel Schuch , Manoela Domingues Martins https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
On oral medicine’s 100th anniversary: origins, expansion, and future horizons
Copyright (c) 2025 Thaís Cristina Esteves-Pereira, Camila Barcellos Calderipe, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Arwa Farag, Rosa María López-Pintor, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Alan Roger Santos-Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0